Diabetes Mellitus – Causes, Symptoms and Treatments!
Diabetes Mellitus – Causes, Symptoms and Treatments that we should not ignore. In addition, Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that is characterized by high blood sugar . Diabetes Mellitus will alter the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein.
In the case of type 1 DM, which is an autoimmune disease , the cause is a defect in insulin action. On the other hand, DM2 has insulin resistance as its main mechanism. That is, the individual produces insulin, but the hormone cannot act properly.
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In the case of gestational diabetes, the exact cause is not yet known. What is known, however, is that during pregnancy, the placenta produces high levels of different hormones and they can impair the action of insulin in the cells, increasing the blood sugar level .
Causes of Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes manifests when the body does not produce the essential amount of insulin for the body’s sugar to remain normal. There are two types of Diabetes Mellitus , which are.
Type I Diabetes: Only 10% of diabetics have type I diabetes, this type manifests itself mainly in children and adolescents. In it, the individual’s pancreas produces little or no insulin, because the beta cells, which are the ones that produce insulin, are destroyed in an irreversible way and it is necessary to receive daily injections of insulin. Insulin, diet and exercise should be controlled.
Type II Diabetes: It also appears in children and young people, but is more common after the age of 30, in obese and elderly people. In this type, the pancreas continues to produce insulin, but in this case it is the body that becomes resistant to its effects. Type II is also common for those who have cases in the family.
The Classic Triad of Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms:
- polyuria (increased urine volume);
- polydipsia (increased thirst and increased fluid intake);
- polyphagia (increased appetite);
- weight loss ;
- Blurred vision ;
- Diabetic ketoacidosis;
- Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome;
Weight loss may occur . These symptoms can develop quite quickly in type 1, particularly in children (weeks or months), or they can be subtle or completely absent as well as develop much more slowly in type 2.
In type 1 there may also be weight loss (despite increased or normal hunger) and fatigue. These symptoms can also manifest in type 2 diabetes in patients whose disease is poorly controlled.
Vision problems affect 40% of insulin-dependent diabetics and 20% of non-insulin-dependent diabetics. It is more common in women and between the ages of 30 and 65. If left untreated, it can cause cataracts, glaucoma and blindness. After 10 years of illness , vision problems affect 50% of patients and after 30 years they reach 90%.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease , with no cure by conventional treatments, and its medical emphasis must necessarily be on avoiding/managing problems possibly related to diabetes, in the long or short term.
Treatment is Based on Five Concepts:
- Awareness and education of the patient, without which there is no adherence;
- Adequate food and diet for each type of diabetes and for the patient’s profile;
- Active life, more than just exercise;
- Medicines;
- oral hypoglycemic agents;
- Insulin;
- Monitoring of glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels;
It is extremely important to educate the patient, monitor his diet, exercise, and monitor his glucose levels in order to maintain adequate long-term and short-term glucose levels. Careful management is necessary to reduce the risk of long-term complications.
This can be achieved with a combination of diet, exercise and weight loss (type 2), various oral diabetic drugs (type 2 only), and the use of insulin (type 1 and type 2 that are not responding to oral medication).
In addition, because of the associated high risks of cardiovascular disease , lifestyle modifications should be made to control blood pressure and cholesterol by exercising more, smoking less, and consuming foods suitable for diabetics, and, if necessary, taking medication. to reduce pressure.
The use of insulin pumps can help in the regular administration of insulin, but it is expensive when compared to common syringes. Other options include insulin pens and jet insulin injectors.
Useful links:
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus By Surgery: A study by French doctors published in Science Direct confirmed what doctors had already observed, stomach reduction surgery (gastroplasty) used in the treatment of morbid obesity helps to control type 2 diabetes mellitus . 2, further study led to the creation of a bowel surgery that is highly effective in treating type 2 diabetes for non-obese people.